Satan Essay -- essays research papers fc

fiend     Satan, Lucifer, Beelzebub, Son of the Morning, the D detestation has many names. The Devil is a powerful and cloak-and-dagger being. Who is Satan? Who believes in him? Where did he come from? There ar many questions that I had about Satan at the beginning of this report.     Where did Satan come from? jibe to the Christian Bible it is clearly taught that the Devil and the other demons are spiritual or angelic creatures created by God in a state of innocence, and that they became evil by their own act. It is added that man sinned by the suggestion of the Devil, and that in the next world the wicked shall suffer eternal punishment with the Devil. Satan and the other demons are part of an angelic creation, and their natural powers do not differ from those of the angels who remained faithful. Like the other angels, they are pure spiritual beings without any body.     What was the fall? Who was Satan onwards the f all? The biblical book Ezekiel says that Satan was the perfect angel. You (referring to Satan) were the seal of resemblance, full of wisdom, and perfect in beauty. You were in the pleasures of the paradise of God every precious stone was thy covering the Sardis, the topaz, and the jasper, the chrysolite, and the onyx, and the beryl, the sapphire, and the carbuncle, and the emerald gold the work of your beauty and your pipes were prepared in the day that you were created. You a cherub stretched out, and protecting, and I set you in the holy mountain of God, you have walked in the midst of the stones of fire. You were perfect in your wave from the day of creation, until iniquity was found in you (Ezekiel 2812-15). The prophets, Isaiah, and Ezekiel, thought that Lucifer held a very high locate in the heavenly hierarchy. Gods right hand man in a sense. Some theologians say that the Devil was the foremost of all the angels. Ezekiel depict Satan as the model of perfection, full of wisd om, and perfect in beauty. Why did the Devil fall? As Ezekiel 2812 tells us, Satan was perfect when he was created. The Bible also tells us that humanity was created a little lower than the angels. Yet neither Satan nor any of the other angels were given rule over the earth. Rather, Adam, a being Satan must have considered less than himself, was given this power. Its easy to see why Sa... ... where the beast and the false prophet had been thrown. They will be tormented day and night for ever and ever. (Rev 2010)     Eternal fire beyond the grave was prepared for "the twit and his angels". Then he will say to those on his left, Depart from me, you who are cursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels (Mat 2541) (Bryan T. Huie).     The same fire that will claim the devil and his angels will also torment people who die in a spiritually lost condition. And so sayeth the Lord.     BibliographyW. H. KENT, The Catholic Encyclopedia, Volume IV. Copyright      1908 by Robert      Appleton Company.Britannica, The crude Encyclopedia, Chicago 1989. 15th edition.      vol. 7, p. 542.Bryan T. Huie, Revised March 23, 2001. SATAN, THE      ADVERSARY OF MANKIND     http//www.aristotle.net/bhuie/satan.htm.Biblical quotes taken from NKJV. American Bible Society,      Copyright 1989.     

J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls - Eva Smiths Diary :: An Inspector Calls

devout DiaryThis month had started off good as I went on holiday with some of myfriends to Brighton. Tracey loved it and we didnt demand to leave. Whenwe got back purport went downhill. When we got back to Mr. circumvolvesfactory we asked for a pay rise as we spent most of our money on theholiday. The reason we asked far a rise was that we command some money toget food and other things. It was actually Traceys idea to ask far apay rise from cardinal-two and six to twenty five shillings a week. ButMr. Birling said no. We went on strike after we wouldnt get the payrise.Dear Diary==========This has been the worse month ever me and the girls had been sackedafter a few weeks wed been on strike it was only the ringleaders whogot sacked Me Tracey Jane Amy and Michelle. And we now dont have anymoney. Im now looking for a job and as I have no parents, I have noone to fall back on financially and I dont want to go back to theworkhouse. I am really scared now Im not sure Im going to have enough money to buy habit and food. I dont have many friends apartfrom Tracey.Dear DiaryLast month was hell with no income Ive now found a job at millwardsthe great clothes shop. Ive got a great job but it was a spot of luckbecause of the amount of influenza about, two workers became ill so Iapplied and now I have a job at last YES It is exciting there. Theyhave rich customers, which means better pay I think? But it doesntmatter, as its a great place to work.Dear DiaryJanuary had been a good month but today Miss Sheila Birling complainedabout me, at least I think its her as she was the only customer to gointo the managers office. I think she complained that I laughed ather when she tried on the most ridiculous dress. She looked a picturein it she looked so funny in it thats why I laughing with the otherassistant my friend Tracey.Dear DiaryFebruary was full of ups and downs. It started with a down whenMillwards sacked me when they took the side of the customer not me.But now Ive cha nged my name from Eva Smith to Daisy Renton. Thereason I did it was that it exponent give me new people to meet as EvaSmith was a troublemaker but Daisy Renton will be kind-hearted and

The Beginnings of Greek Philosophy Essay -- Science Math Stars Papers

The Beginnings of classic Philosophy The Milesians and Heraclitus Long before the time of Thales, a citizen of Miletus, in the district of Ionia on the west coast of Asia Minor, Chaldaen astrologers had listed info on the position of the stars and planets. As Thales studied these tables he thought he discerned a pattern or regularity in the occurrence of eclipses, and he ventured to harbinger a solar eclipse that occurred on May 28th 585BC. Some scholars think that this was just a lucky empirical guess, but if it was the discovery of an astronomic regularity or natural law, then Thales may be credited with distinguishing Greek philosophy and science from the somewhat aimless observations and disjointed information of the eastern wise men. When a law is formulated, Mans wonder at the phenomenon is supposed to be satisfied, and nature is said to be explained and understood. Thales is also credited with the discovery of several theorems of geometry and with diplomatic, engineering, and scotch exploits. If there is a difference between science and philosophy, it is that the regularities of science are relatively restricted, whereas the more general principles, called philosophic apply to wider areas. Thaless more general speculations concerned the record of the universe. What is the world made of? Are there many elements or is there but one? And if one, what is it? These questions dominated the entire Pre-Socratic period and they are still defy issues today and if Thaless answer seems crude to a so-called sophisticated 21st century mind, his motivation and procedure may prove as profound as any contemporary inspiration. As a matter of fact, Thales taught that all things are made of water, and we may imagine re... ...uch a person, so hardy as to call forth that reality is spiritual and not material, would have to be a genius as great as Plato. There is a much easier choice that digest be made. The great minds of ancient Greek thought with all their scienti fic acumen, so it may be concluded, have failed to find any truth. The reason for their mishap is simply that there is no truth to be found. Knowledge is impossible. This conclusion is a welcome relief after such arduous philosophising and besides, it offers great opportunities for manque young thinkers. Thus there arose in Greece the movement known as Sophism. Bibliography JOHNS, B. Early Greek Philosophical Thought New York, 1976 MARTIN, K. A History of Greek Philosophy New York and London, 1981 McCONNELL, T. The Pre-Socratic Philosophers Dublin 1988 CARSON, N. Exploring the Pre-Socratics London, 1985

Essay --

Khadeeja Tarique English 1304Austin TremblayDecember 9th, 2013Benefits of Employment in a College Students Life As time progresses, it seems that college students keep diving deeper into the eon of technology and genial media to waste time rather than work. And the students who do work usually do it solely for the money so they can survive on a regular basis. They get so blinded by this fact that they fail to see the many put ons of physical exercise that follows. The idea of employment can be very controversial for college students, especially since they do non know what they might be getting themselves into. The fear of not being able to balance their work, school, and social life many times causes students to steer clear of the work life. Between the overcrowded work schedules and extensive school work, students and society only see the negative effects of work. They fail to see that employment is a sign of independence, maturity, wealth, and even happiness. As the tuition r ates and expenses have steadily risen, more and more students are congruous pushed into the world of employment. Due to this, countless number of studies have been done to see the true impact of employment on college students. Although there may be a few negative effects, there are numerous positive effects that employment can have, such as the skills and experience the students gain, which can greatly benefit them in the future. Many students are afraid to even think about holding a part-time job while being a regular student. To avoid applying for a job, they tell themselves that it will have a negative effect on their academics. Students that are well-off with their expenses, either because they have a right(a) scholarship or because their parents cover t... ...in from it. From important working skills to real world experience, the benefits many times outweigh the downsides. Some downsides may be the work loading stress or lowering of grades, but a student can always lessen the number of hours worked per week to solve that issue. Because of this, the positive aspects of part-time employment for college students can exceed the negative effects. Society imposes that part-time employment can have many negative effects on students, but one should not put the idea of working aside without looking at the upside of it. To further properly experience the effects of part-time employment, some future topics that should be focused on are the number of hours worked by students and if the job is an on campus or off campus jobs. Extended topics like this can greatly help understand what other effects part-time jobs can have on students.

Personal Narrative Essay - The Ski Trip :: Personal Narrative Essays

The Ski Trip         Standing in awe, cold air permeated with my hair.  The smell of fresh and minty pine scent complimented the beautiful vantage of the wilderness.  With my boots wedged in the hoodwink, a shiver took over my body. This is was a place of peacefulness and tranquility.  neer before had I been so close with nature.         Facing the north was the vast forest.  To the left and right, only the crystal white snow was visible.  While looking up, I caught a glimpse of the old ski lift, the solo apparatus which was my passport to this great adventure.  All that could be heard was the sweet chirping of birds nestled upon tree branches.  This is thence a moment to remember.  I thought to myself.  Being that close to nature could put anyone in a state of nirvana.         As I stood admiring the clear red-hot sky and the world round me, I was interrupted by my friends constant taunting, Come on, lets go They were not rookies.  They had experienced the sport of skiing and the atmosphere around it and were not as enthusiastic toward the surroundings as I was.  Their calls became louder, with annoyance.  I stepped up to the edge of a great slope.  The steepness of this colossal block of snow I stood upon, was frightening.  The only was to go was down.  I took a deep breath with no worries, for this was not the first time I was confronted with a suicide mission.  In a heartbeat, the exhilarating feeling of going downhill on a pair of thin skis took over.

Personal Narrative Essay - The Ski Trip :: Personal Narrative Essays

The Ski Trip         Standing in awe, cold air permeated through my hair.  The smell of fresh and minty pine horn in complimented the beautiful vantage of the wilderness.  With my boots wedged in the snow, a shiver took over my body. This is was a place of peacefulness and tranquility.  Never before had I been so closing with nature.         Facing the north was the vast forest.  To the left and right, only the crystal white snow was visible.  While looking up, I caught a glimpse of the old go lift, the solo apparatus which was my passport to this great adventure.  All that could be heard was the sweet chirping of birds nestled upon tree branches.  This is indeed a moment to remember.  I musical theme to myself.  Being that close to nature could put anyone in a state of nirvana.         As I stood admiring the clear blue sky and the world around me, I was interru pted by my friends constant taunting, Come on, lets go They were not rookies.  They had experienced the sport of skiing and the atmosphere around it and were not as enthusiastic toward the purlieu as I was.  Their calls became louder, with annoyance.  I stepped up to the edge of a great slope.  The steepness of this colossal block of snow I stood upon, was frightening.  The only was to go was down.  I took a deep breath with no worries, for this was not the first time I was confronted with a suicide mission.  In a heartbeat, the exhilarating feeling of discharge downhill on a pair of thin skis took over.

How Nirvana Changed the World Essay

In the late eighties music was going th knockabout a epic change. People wanted something new, something exciting, especially the younger generation. No more soft melodies and pop music equivalent Duran Duran and Madonna. In these changing times a in truth special band called Nirvana came on the music scene. Three young man from Seatlle, Washington Kurt Cobain on vocals and on guitar, Krist Novoselic on bass and Dave Grohl on drums they were everything slew yearned for, but didn? t even knew it.With long hair, washed-up jeans and ? I dont give a f? ttitude people wanted to see more. They defied authority with rough sound later defined as Grunge a mixture of metal and punk rock. Their lyrics gave a whole generation meaning, hope and something to aspire to. If you think at well-nigh of the bands and singers of the eighties, you see a certain type of go out very polished, man with top buttons of their shirts opened kind of a macho look. The girls had uncollectible hair and sm all, tight outfits that dont leave much to the imagination. But in the end of the decade there was a new look, changing the standards. in truth long, neglected hair, light jeans full of holes and so washed-up that it was hard to recognize their color. In around the year 1989 this look became known as the Grunge look. Nirvana looked and acted like they were nothing important, just three regular guys and if it werent for that image they would have never got such a sensation as they did. Completely antithetic from their look was their sound, their music. Well played choruses combined with excellent long solo? s, this was something to hear. According to Cobain, the sound came first and the lyrics followed.With songs containing lyrics like ? Here we are now, entertain us? , ? I? m so ugly, but its okay ? cause so are you? and ? When I swear that I dont have a shot? you would think people wouldnt relate. But they did and sung along from the top of their lungs on concerts. One of the thi ngs that make them sound so good is the fact that Kurt, who wrote most of the bands music and lyrics poured his heart and soul into every song. When their second album Nevermind came out in 1991, the band became an instant global success story.They changed from an underground band vie in bars and small halls to an international sensation that booked big tours all around the world. Although they were famous now, had a lot of money and fans something was still wanting for Kurt. If you compare their early years to the year 1993 or 94 you can see Kurt? s transformation. From an enthusiastic and charming person became a sad, lonely soul who had seemed to lose his spirit and was in a lot of pain. Many people believe that was due to drugs he was using, but I think there were some contributing factors to his fading character.It is recognized that his marriage to Courtney Love, who was also a musician, just less successful one, had a lot to contribute to his state of mind. Love is a pers on who craves constant attention and the finest things in life like expensive clothes and jewelry, big houses and non-stop excitement, partying. People say that opposites attract (and so did Kurt in milk It), but that was one strange couple with a stormy marriage filled with public disputes and scandals. I? m starting to believe that such different people shouldnt be to proceedher despite their attraction towards one another.Due to all these factors and many more Kurt stop his life with a scattergun to the head in April of 1994. For a short time of five years Nirvana was on the top and had the world in its palms. Most people delay that they inspired a whole generation with their music and their charisma. Only every once in a while comes a band like this, which has the tell apart package that just looks and sound perfect. It is sometimes said that Kurt was a spoiled child, who couldnt take the circus that comes with fame, so he took the cowards way out and ended his life, leaving his loved ones behind.In my opinion he was a great man who suffered from problems like everyone else and being in the constant spotlight just made things worse. People who liked them will always remember that funny trio that did a difference on the music scene. When I listen to their records, I get the feeling that I can do great things, everything I want and much more. It doesnt matter where you come from or how you look, you are something special, something unique. At least, that is how I understand and interpret their message towards the world.

Japan’s Anime: Implications on Western Society Essay

gum anime, which is short for Nipp sensationse animation, is an element in Japanese pop refining that is acclaimed for its planetary impact. With origins from the manga or Japanese art of comics and study pictures and now significantly contri besidesing to film and games production it is not only bringing in market influences tho is also contributing significantly to horse opera goal. In this essay, I would interchangeable to shargon some ideas about the roles of anime, a supposedly Japanese artifact in the transformation of a seemingly distant Western gild. A few assumptions have to be established prior to elaborate discussions on the matter.First, anime mustiness be viewed as a result of Japans endeavor to offer a different way of telling stories that allowed the artists to racket creativity in character building and imagination in choosing location. Second, initially created for their locales, it reflects both social limitations of and desires of its people in relation to hi news report. Hence, anime is telling much about their then(prenominal) and its present implications. Third, with globalizations power to cross borders, through open market and information and communications technology, animes popularity in Europe is a manifestation of transculturalism.Fourth, there is growing debate about the source of this anime popularity among Westerners and even postmodernists too started deconstructing this Japanese Art and relate its subjects and characters to critical socio-political and economic themes much(prenominal) as gender and identity. gum anime also enabled outsiders exploration of Japan culture and history by seeing through their stories. Fifth, anime may have mazed essential elements due to translations in language to cater to its foreign audience.Yet again, the effort to do so shows the interest in knowing foreign meter reading of life, and perhaps if it is attractive to the audience, then the latter must have agreed to the elucidatio n made thereof. These assumptions help us in generating our thesis statement, which is that anime, has its local take aim whose inherent characteristics although might have been owed to the creator are nonetheless historically and socially bound. Capitalism and the interest in profit might have support countries across the globe to invest in it such that the classic in anime becomes a distinctive option for Westerners.Its popularity nonetheless is predicted to be influencing most specially the youth in terms of lifestyles, views and behaviors. This forecast makes scholars analyze animes content and opine about its transformative power in other nations culture while some even went to reading its gender issues, power relations, and philosophical renditions. For me, it is the diversity of analytical interests that emerged from ANIME that truly increased its transformative role in Western societies. Because animes Western adaptation became supremacyful (e. g. Astro Boy, Pokemon, etc ), it was thought to be potentially profitable.Westerners have always been curious about the Asian soil that used to challenge superpowers- Japan. Anime to them was exposing a lot about Japan culture. Japans homogenous clubhouse and constancy in traditions either is notable for Westerners or naive-either way, it has stirred human interest and curiosity. If anime is an imported product, it will be bought because it is from JAPAN- the meaning is both socio-cultural and economic. The will to understand anime beyond the optical images led them to study Japanese language. In pop culture, growing imitation is a measure of success.In the United States and Europe, animators have emulated the methods, styles and gags in anime. This certainly inevitable expertise from the artists that are never better without collaboration with the Japanese animators and filmmakers. Not only are the anime drawings the source of inspiration but also the taglines and cliches in anime that were borrowed in a nimated TV series in the US. The growing number of anime fanatics triggered the foundation of conventions where Japanese writers, directors and artists are invited to speak or lecture. They enjoy dressing up like the anime characters and attend in the so-called cosplay.In schools and universities, anime clubs gain prominence and so are seminars engaging consciousness of Japan. Anime also provided options for the youth in Western societies who became tired of their own culture. Japans image became a perception of the future, the untold and the daring as exemplified in Akira by Otomo Katsushira that was shown in US and Europe in 1990. The Western youth have always desisted cultural resistance and are easily disappoint by politics but anime gave them a fresh image of robotic, merciless youth in the postmodern era.Anime then has transformed Western culture in a phenomenon referred to as the transmission of thoughts, culture and politics from East to West. An essential component of one s belief system is political theory or at least a set of ideas. Behaviors are affected by the specific belief system. Should there be a specific meetings belief system, it forms part of a given culture. The belief system of the Japanese youth was described in the Kawaii style in the mid seventies or the Japanese cute. Kawaii means cute in English, which portrays a childlike character having the innocence, simplicity, gentleness, and amiability of a child.It is represented by pink romanticism to a funny remark genderless style. It became a means for the youth to express in an ambiguous manner, how adulthood means having the authority, knowledge, skills and experience to be able to cooperate in the society and fulfill responsibilities and obligations, but fails enormously. Childhood is seen as a place of individual freedom, which is unreachable nonetheless while condemning the adulthood. Kawaii fashion and lifestyle was used as a form of rebellion from the Japanese youth.This style was mimicked by the Western youth who apparently was able to confirm their views on realities of life through the Japanese genre. European women started creating the Riot girls style wearing baby-doll attires with boots and other masculine accessories. From America to United Kingdom, bands with members exemplifying Japanese cute became popular. Hence, the impact of Japans culture has created lifestyles in Western society that mirrors common sense of individualism, of the dynamism of youth and capacity for change.Anime that concentrates on visual images drawn manually yet skillfully in frames is characteristic of simplicity and magic. Of particular splendour are the works of Hayao Miyazaki, the creator of Princess Monanake, Castle in the Sky, pungent Away, Kikis Delivery Service among others. The success of these anime around the humans made this old man, indeed a legend and a master of anime. The characters in Miyazakis anime are generally change enthusiasts, dynamic and hopeful too- quite ironic in a system where change is resisted and tradition is extolled.The traditional dichotomies surrounded by the protagonist and antagonist are caricatured in a different way. Thus, Miyazakis anime has been treated as an escape valve from the rigidity of Japanese culture, insisting change and while the general sort of the film is Japanese in culture and history, it tries to suggest how a country of such former colonial powers could embrace modernity with discretion as to properly choosing allies or that it is possible to be both traditional and modern.His anime presents a lot of contradictions that are not usually discussed in reality but is highly characteristic of life. Thus, its appeal to Western audience is never distracted by cultural difference instead builds a common ground between two different worlds. For instance, the prostitutes and lepers that she takes care of despite her destructive activities in the forest that threaten animal life respect Princess M onanakes Lady Eboshi. The heroine in the Spirited Away was described by Miyazaki as successful not because she was able to defeat evil but because she was able to survive.True enough, this lack of explicit clearness in Miyazakis works in defining good and evil was explained by his pessimism in a world that will soon be dead because of mans own doing but the children deserves a positive world view nonetheless. So, he didnt want to use traditional stereotypes even in childrens stories at this time when tradition itself needs reexamination. Kikis Delivery Service and My Neighbor Totoro are both devoid of villains but are more reflective of traditional animism and Japanese culture.The challenge in life may not necessarily point to cultural differences but to the stereotypes and dichotomies that are embedded in each culture, be it Western or Japanese. This sounds Marxist but this is not surprising for someone who has been inspired by Marxism. He used to see things check to class like in Castle in the Sky, which portrays the laborers in a good light. However there are common themes that all cultures could relate to like the issue on the environment.This is why Miyazakis anime emphasize on environmentalism. Worshipping a tree (My Neighbor Totoro), fascination in forests, wolves, flowers and trees (Princess Monanake), and cleansing a river with olfactory modality (Spirited Away)- these are products of Miyazakis childhood experience where in his hometown, the environment has been used to further economic progress despite degradation. He then configures this idea in Castle in the Sky and Nausicaa of Valley of the Wind. It projects conflict between military and nature.The former destroys culture and natural resources that endangered the inhabitants of the community. But his anime films favor anti-war principles. fight is featured as destructive, merciless and futile. Another recurrent theme is his anime is feminism especially since most of his protagonists are stron g-willed and independent women. Likewise, childhood is one issue that is given emphasis by Miyazaki. According to him, he worries about modern children at the same time he is concerned with how they should understand the world by keeping in contact with nature.The technologies of video games have isolated them to the real world that is why his anime centers on childrens hopeful efforts at identifying truth by wisdom. Other Japanese animation have presented varied themes but nevertheless consistent in inviting change and flexibility. Ranma ? for instance is a story about a young boy who changes into being a girl when in contact with water. Sailor Moon also has characters that are mostly bisexuals. sexual practice critiques and conservatives attacked this quite bold interpretation of human sexuality and gender at the same time.To some, it is proving the existence of dichotomies and differences between male and female- the fact that Ranma ? was laughed at and received funny comments a bout his eccentricities. However there are some who interpreted it in a humanist sense such that the anime reveals that in each soulfulness there is always the presence of feminine and masculine sides. Whichever analysis prevails, it certainly gives us the idea that Japanese anime touched the consciousness of Western society to a great extent. The influence is both in structure and in value.Filmmakers have been inspired to use themes in anime that used to be overlook in a world that was so driven by capitalistic profit and traditional conventions. This time, transformations in the light of globalization meant also giving importance to life and nature in form and substance- that despite inherent differences, unity and reconciliation is preferred. In a book entitled, Japanamerica How Japanese Culture Has Invaded the US, Ronald Kelts explained how the 9/11 tragedy led Americans to embrace Japanese anime during a time when the government failed to represent its people resulting to dea th and destruction.An article by Sharon Kinsella entitled, The Japanization of European callowness tells how anime serves as a source of wisdom for the youth in Western countries while they are confused about how strong individuals must be characterized. Some may comment that Japanese anime is nothing but entertainment to Japanese who are living proofs of all work, no play personalities- a sort of escapism. But taken in a context where the audience is known for maturity and liberal etiquette, the impacts of Japanese anime is more than leisure related. Anime reminds people of world divinity that is difficult to remember.Thoughts on teamwork, individualism, courage, sensitivity to nature and justice are good to advocate dont you think? For as long as Japanese anime contributes to the well being of every person in whatever nation it deserves the recognition. It might have transformed the culture in Western societies yet meaningful transformation could only take place when the audience captures the nobility that anime has been created for. For one, it is noble to transcend childish cartoon characters and give children new characters in anime that are mature and responsible.In Western society, children have been encouraged to enjoy their youth so cartoons like tom and Jerry, Superman, etc are either made to make children laugh not to think, and whose main characters are adults trying to save children. Let us not forget that Anime is Japanese Art. Different cultures have varied forms of art but there is simply more inspiring and epic arts than others- this depends on current trends, issues and prospects. If nowadays, the in all world is affected by issues on war and terrorism, sustainability of environment, racial and gender discrimination, economic crisis- then Japanese Animation truly deserves its stance.References Gauntlett, David. Media, Gender and Identity. UK Routledge, 2002. Izawa, Eri. The Romantic, Passionate Japanese in Anime A Look at the Hidden Japane se Soul. Japan Pop Inside the World of Japanese Popular Culture. new-made York M. E. Sharpe, 2000. Kelts, Ronald. Japanamerica How Japanese Culture Has Invaded the US. USA Palgrave Macmillan, 2006. Kinsella, Sharon. The Japanization of European Youth. 1997. Hayao Miyazaki. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Hayao_Miyazaki

Research Analysis: ‘Adult Drug Courts’

The General accountability Office (GAO) did the study on Adult Drug Courts. GAO is an agency, run independently and without any partisan agenda, that works for the U.S. Congress. Its role is to investigate how the federal g overnment appropriates public revenue to aid Congress in deciding over approval of the budget allocation of the federal government and ensure the accountability of the federal government for approved budget allocation.The medicine judicatory political programs that started in the latter(prenominal) part of the 1980s (GAO 1) comprise unmatched area of budget allocation by the federal government. The purpose of the dose court programs is to prevent recidivism of inmates involved in dose-related crimes. This served as a solution to the exploding prison population and escalating costs to the criminal justice system.The federal government commenced awards or grants to these programs in 1994 through the Violent shame Control and Law Enforcement Act.By Septembe r of 2004, there were already 1,200 programs established in the different states and 500 more programs are in the planning stage. (GAO 1) GAO conducted the study to settle down the achievement of the purpose of the federal awards by considering the outcomes of dose court programs as mandated by the appropriations authorization law for the Department of Justice (GAO 2).The independent and non-partisan character of GAO as well as conducting the military ranks based on a legal mandate contributed to the objectivity of the results.What was the study about?The study is a systematic evaluation of forward look intoes done on do drugs court programs. GAO initially selected 117 studies assessing drug court programs conducted between May 1997 and January 2004 that made reports on recidivism, relapse of drug wont, and outcomes of program fulfilment (GAO 2). Of this number, GAO selected 27 studies that compared a group undergoing the drug court program and a group not part of any drug co urt program.Five of the 27 studies were experiments with an experimental and control groups with members assigned at random. The 27 studies covered 39 drug court programs for adults. (GAO 9-10) The aim of the GAO evaluation was to obtain systematically information on drug court programs, specifically the components of drug court programs, the outcomes of these programs, and costs of these programs.The evaluation also conducted a cost-benefit analysis of 8 studies providing information on costs and benefits. Four of the 8 studies even enabled the determination of net benefits. (GAO 9-10)To augment the evaluation of studies on drug court programs, GAO also interviewed key respondents from three government agencies with direct involvement in the implementation of the drug court programs, including the Department of Justice, National Institute on Drug Abuse, and Office of National Drug Control Policy (GAO 3).The combined evaluations and interviews back up conclusions based on multiple perspectives of the effectiveness of drug court programs to aid legislative decision-making.What is the time-period of the study?The evaluation commenced in October 2003 and concluded in February 2005 in complaisance with auditing standards (GAO 3). Although the research process involved a period of 1 year and 4 months, the study is a cross-sectional study because the focus is results over a given period, specifically studies done between May 1997 and January 2004 and interviews over the operations of drug court programs during the same period.The evaluation did not intend to trace developments in drug court programs or study specific unmarrieds involved in drug court programs over an extended period. Doing cross-sectional study allows the comparative and collative evaluation of studies on drug court programs. However, this also creates the restriction of the results by not covering developmental issues or problems emerging from the programs.What is the research design of the st udy (planning)?The research design employed in the appraising(prenominal) study is the mixed methods research that integ rank both quantitative and qualitative aspects to derive better results when compared to using only one aspect or the other. The mixed method research requires the derivation of both quantitative and qualitative data and integrative analysis of both types of data.The study by GAO collected quantitative data by using statistical analysis of the data derived from the 27 studies. The presentation of results was through comparative and summative tables. It also derived qualitative data based on the results of the 27 studies and interviews with three government agencies (GAO 3) directly involved in the implementation of the programs. The presentation of results was through tables and text discussions.The planning of the evaluative study by GAO involved secondary research and interviews as data collection techniques. Secondary research is a three-stage process. First s tage is searching for studies on drug court programs from research databases using key words such as drug court program and recidivism as well as drug court websites of research institutions or organizations that are likely to have made studies on drug court programs.GAO also considered previous studies it made on drug court programs. It also requested for drug court studies from research agencies. Second stage is review of the studies found to determine those that qualify for its criteria of study coverage including recidivism, drug use, and program completion.Third stage is in-depth review to determine the studies that employed group comparison methods such as those using experiment and control groups in experiment and quasi-experiments, which employed either historical comparison group or contemporaneous comparison group (GAO 17). The studies selected also employed a number of statistical methods to address individual differences and allow for comparison and collation as well as address selection bias (GAO 19).Interviews with three agencies yielded background information on the drug court programs including the characteristics of the drug court programs and the participants of these programs. (GAO 9-10) The analytical techniques also combined statistical with document or text analysis.The combination of data collection methods and use of multiple analyses turn to selection bias arising from differences in the methodological approaches of the studies evaluated and derivation of as much information as available to support generalizations.What are the results of the study?The results of the study had healthy and weak points. These showed reduction in recidivism during the course of the program, lower percentage of re-arrests or re-convictions for participants of the program relative to non-participants, there was also relatively lower re-arrests or re-conviction across program participants, recidivism reduction was uniform regardless of the scratchiness of the drug-related offence.However, there was no conclusive data to support the link between specific characteristics of the program to within-program recidivism. Recidivism rates within one-year after program completion were similar with recidivism during the program to indicate maintained low level of recidivism. (GAO 5-6) However, this only covers the immediate year pastime program completion.Data on drug use during the program was inconclusive. Drug tests showed a decline but self-reported use indicated no change (GAO 6). This could be due to the limitation of drug testing as the means of determining drug use within the program. This could also be due to methodological issues such as low data or lack of comparative measures.Completion rates that depended on compliance with activities and responsibilities varied between 27 to 66 percent. Factors such as age and severity of offence are explanations of the variance in completion rates with older participants more inclined to compl ete the program. (GAO 6) There were no definitive explanations for the variance in completion rates.Cost benefit analysis showed a greater cost per individual program participant when compared to cost per individual non-participant of the program. Results of four studies covering seven drug court programs indicated net benefits because of the decline in recidivism that meant decline in costs to the judicial system and avoidance of costs to potential victims of recidivism.Nevertheless, these did not consider confirmative benefits. Only two drug court programs reported actual data on cost savings of the criminal justice system. (GAO 6-7) More data is undeniable to support generalizations on the comparative costs and benefits of drug court programs.What are opinions of the study?The study holds beneficial think of but it also has limitations. Its beneficial value comes from providing an overview of the state of knowledge over the effectiveness of drug court programs. Decline in reci divism, at least during the program and one-year immediately following program completion, reflected the extent of effectiveness of drug court programs.Some of the drug court programs also led to financial net benefits. This implies the contribution of the drug court programs in profound drug-related recidivism. As such, Congress could decide to continue approving federal appropriations to drug court programs.However, the study also has limitations as a preliminary study that requires follow-ups. The use of secondary research meant that data relied on the results of existing studies, which is not sufficient to inform on the overall effectiveness of drug court programs.The use of interviews provided characteristics of the drug court programs and the participants but was underutilized. The interviews could have yielded more data such as on implementation issues, best practice, areas for improvement, and other pertinent information to support the evaluation.Work CitedGovernment Accoun tability Office (GAO). Adult Drug Courts Evidence Indicates RecidivismReductions and Mixed Results for Other Outcomes. Washington, DC GAO,

On the Road by Jack Kerouac Essay

On the Road by Jack Kerouac is largely autobiographical work attributed to the genre of stems of consciousness creation. The novel is based on the authors spontaneous trips with his friends across mid-century America. The novel is deeply inspired by poetry, jazz and drug experiences. The author has changed many of the names, but most references are claimed to be real-world counterparts. In the five parts and sixteen chapters the author describes restless and crazy journeys of Dean, Sal and his friends across the country.Dean Moriarty plays important role in the novel progression as he symbolizes the changeable nature of human relations and the dark side of society. Nevertheless, he pushes and inspires other to act towards their destinies symbolizing changes and shifts. Dean is certainly negative character, though he has positive impact of Sal one of the protagonists as he makes his stronger and more confident. Dean lives in San Francisco, travels across the country. Kerouac define s Dean as the perfect guy for the thoroughfare because he actually was born on the road. (p. 0)However, he presents Dean as wild and mad character stressing that it is his craziness and energy that affects others to act. Dean drinks a lot, uses drugs and has many women. More all over, he is a father of four children from two different women. Dean manages to change the life values of Sal. For example, before Sal meets Dean, he had just gotten over a serious illness thathad something to do withmy feeling that everything was dead. (p. 10) Deans character can be defined as embodiment of the whirlwind twenty-four hours and as Sals shifts from the East to the West Coast.Dean symbolizes changes acting as mechanism for movement beginning. Dean is zealous and wild personality, though he is engrossing as well. Sal says about Dean the only people for me are the mad ones, the ones who are mad to live, mad to talk, mad to be saved, desirous of everything. (p. 14-15) Therefore, Deans character plays crucial role for Sals development as personality, as well as he is the embodiment of passion for life and constant activity.

Project Estimating Techniques Essay

One of the roughly key factors to the success of a visit is how well the project is estimated, as well as how overall be are managed during the execution phase by the project manager. Project costs and estimates are vital to the success of any organization to remain competitive in the market. Cost estimating for organizations rely heavily on resources that plenty sometimes be difficult to obtain. Forecasting and utilizing diachronic return costs are just a couple of ways that organizations rely on estimating. Experienced planners are often a sought trade within the market this paper will dissertate some often used project cost estimating techniques.Types of EstimatingThe first quality of estimating is analogous. This type of estimating utilizes estimates from a earlier project that is similar, and uses them to build estimates for the new project. While this type of estimating is beneficial to the planning process, caution must be used to ensure that estimates carried over f rom the previous project are fair and reasonable. Parametric estimation takes historical entropy inputs, makes calculated assumptions based on market and statistical data, and then formulates the estimate. This type of estimating is useful as it does use historical data, coupled with statistical data however, assumptions made by the planner fucking be skewed and lead to inaccurate estimates in my opinion. The next type of estimating is bottom-up. Bottom-up estimating utilizes information from individual estimates done the Work Break Down structure. This type of estimating is one of the most common types of estimating because it uses estimates from the floor tasks.These floor tasks are estimated by subject matter experts with years of experience, and can be very beneficial to ensuring that not only the estimate is accurate, but the scope of the task is correct. Another type of estimating is three-point estimating. Three-point estimating takes a look at the best, worst, and most re alistic scenario to cost estimating the project. These three options obviously come with apremium on cost, time, or quality. Dependent on what the project objective is will much than likely determine what route to take in this process. From my work experience with project planning, cost estimating can be a very difficult task. more or less organizations have a method or process in how to cost estimate. Some utilize checklists, while others may standard operating procedures as quality of an organizational policy.Regardless of what tools are available to a project team during the cost estimating process, knowing the overall goals and objectives of the project are keys to estimating a successful project. The payload of cost estimating is not normally the responsibility of one individual it often lies within the project team. Multiple estimators from various skills are part of the process, and all types of estimating as discussed earlier are part of the process. Tools that my organi zation utilizes are bid specification review meetings that go over the material, labor, and rates that apply to the work being conducted during the project. In addition, an independent government estimate (IGE) is utilized to ensure that estimates are filled out thoroughly, and reviewed against the contractors estimates upon receipt. There are many other processes that can be used however, these are the most commonly ones used within government estimating.ConclusionCost estimating is a very important part of the project planning process as it often dictates the duration of the project, and how much work can be accomplished during the project against the budget presumptuousness for the project. Estimates of time and cost together allow the manager to develop a time-phased budget, which is imperative for project control (Larson & Gray, 2014, p. 131). While there are many various ways that estimates are created, there is no sure fire way in stating that one is better than the other.W hile some may think that historical data is a more accurate way, there is not telling that the estimate and return costs from a previous project were fair and reasonable. If the previous project cost was overestimated, then the current project would continue to be overestimated therefore not proving to be a cost benefit to the organization. Cost estimating drives the project plan, and organizations need to ensure they utilize all the tools and resources they have available to them to make theproject a success.ReferenceLarson, E. W., & Gray, C. F. (2014). Project Management The Managerial Process (6th ed.). McGraw-Hill.

Emily Murphy

Power and Influence Report Emily potato To be a powerful and important individual is to be able to convince others of a certain idea in order to get what one desires. Emily spud was born on contact 14th 1868 she was the triplet child in a family of eight. Throughout her living years she accomplished things that are still to this day well recognized by the country and the British Empire all together. Her many leadership qualities led her to great success with her career and with marking Canadian history.Emily stump spud was a spirit of power and influence. Women had very few rights in the early 1900s, none including political rights. They were expected to get married and have children, becoming the property of their husband. Women were not considered persons at this time Emily Murphy had a great part in changing that. She first came up with the idea of the Dower Act. This would allow women legal rights to one third of their husbands property. In 1916, the Alberta legislature ac cepted to pass the act.She believed women should try other women in court so she sent a request for a female magistrate in the womens court. This led her into becoming the first woman police magistrate of the British Empire. She later launched and won the persons case in order to make women considered persons under the British North America Act of 1867. As a result, women would be qualified to sit and serve in the senate Emily Murphy was named honorary senate after all her accomplishments regarding womens rights.A powerful and influential individual is usually so because of the leadership traits that he or she possesses. Emily Murphy proved she was ingratiatory when she successfully convinced the Alberta legislature to pass the Dower act and when she influenced her request for a female magistrate in the womens court. Murphy accomplished a people in a short period of time because she was determined. She was also diligent and hard working as nothing could stop her from reaching her goal of making women legally known as persons.She was capable of influencing and inspiring large numbers of people as she affected every Canadian womans lifespan since the success of the persons case. Combined, Emily Murphys leadership traits led her into being one of the most powerful and influential women in Canadian history. Emily Murphy was a character of great influence. Her many accomplishments and achievements will forever impact Canadian citizens. Her leadership traits led her well into reaching goals that affected positively the lives of many. Emily Murphy is an inspirational woman and truly someone to look up to.

Choosing a Course Book Essay

Every teacher knows the students occupy a tune word of honor. It would seem that a course defend is an essential element in any course, at any age, no matter how young or old the students are. Every teacher also knows it should be the best course book possible for those students. still what exactly is the best course book? So, how do we choose the course books we want use with our students?Choosing a course book is not a frivolous matter. When deciding on a course book for the students, we should be making an informed decision. It should be made base on analysis and knowledge. It shouldnt be made lightly and we shouldnt feel that any old course book will do. Further much, we shouldnt be coerced or bullied into choosing one course book over another, by anyone. Choose your course books based on a clear, detailed analysis of what it offers and what your students need.Many researchers have compiled checklists and guidelines for choosing appropriate course books for different stude nts. some are more detailed and some are less so, but all deal with more or less the same issues. It is very important to know what to look for when choosing a book.Before choosing a course book for the students in any course, it is important to create a needs-analysis for your own students. What will the students need to know by the end of the course or school year? Once the needs-analysis is done, its a good idea to create a list of items that you consider desirable in a course book. Based on these lists, any course book can then be analyzed.Below are a few basic questions (to help get you started) that should be asked when we are in the process of choosing a course book for our classes and our students.

An investigation of code-switching in English classes at the University of Danang- College of Language Studies

Bilingual speakers usually tend to switch many talking to or phrases from one oral communication to an another(prenominal) during confabulation, which is called code- chemise. According to Heather Coffey, code-switching is the work of moving between variations of languages in divergent contexts. Code-switching is excessively measuredly or unintentionally practiced frequently in class. This inquiry pull up stakes focus on code-switching practice in class of both(prenominal) teachers and students in Danang University- College of Language Studies, how it is performed, what effect it might create as strong as some suggestions for this problem. Techniques for this research such as observations, interview and taking of field notes argon utilise as means of data collection.Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Problem statementside ranks second in top 10 Most Spoken Languages in the World. In Vietnam, learning incline now is becoming more hot than ever before. For those who know side , they tend to mix the two languages, i.e. English and Vietnamese, in conversation. Code-switching, the practice of moving impale and forth between two languages or between two dialects or registers of the same language, at that placefore is undeniable and sometimes unconscious, curiously when they are having English classes.For example, in an English class at Danang University- College of Language Studies, a teacher says Cc em lm biwriting ri submit cho c qua mail., and students ask Deadline l khi no vy c? Those are just two in tons of code-switching that can be assemble in English classes. The frequency of finding code-switching practice inside classrooms is very high and it is worth paying precaution to work on. That is the reason why I would like to take on this problem to investigate. 1.2 Research rationaleNowadays, English is an obligatory subject at school, a means of international communication, and a second language in our society. Our college, the College of Language Studies, swirls official, integrated and advanced language training, of which the strength is English. Moreover, students who study English are better on the watch and have larger vocabulary since they are taught English at high schools. Finally, it is not only students exclusively also the teachers that code-switch in class for many reasons.Therefore, the finding of code-switching between English and Vietnamese is much higher(prenominal) than in other languages. By carrying out this study, I hope that it volition help the students and the teachers as puff up be aware of code-switching in class and through some general suggestions for this issue, they can find item solutions to avoid the drawbacks and make code-switching an effective tool for learning and doctrine English. 1.3 Research scopeCode-switching is a broad field since it occurs in many aspects of our lives. However, in this research, I only focus on code-switching in English classes performed by teachers and stude nts of Danang University- College of Language Studies- Department of English beca expenditure I think it is more practical and feasible. Therefore, the process of interviewing and observation provide take place in some English classes and some notes are also taken from the Internet. whole the participants taking part in this study are required to use Vietnamese as their produce tongue, and English as their second language.1.4 Aims and objectivesThe study explores the use of code-switching in English classes at the College of Language Studies. special(prenominal) objectives are set as follows Examine the frequency of code-switching found in these classes Investigate thefluency and the true of the participants who apply code-switching in their classes Investigate the purposes and reasons for the practice of code-switching in classes Present an array of the influences of this practice1.5 Research question What is presumable to be the frequency of the practice of code-switching in English classes? What are the reasons and purposes for code-switching in English classes? What are the effects that code-switching might create and what can be done to make it a serviceable tool for teaching and learning English?1.6 HypothesisFirstly, it is hypothesized that the frequency of code-switching among bilinguals is very high because of a number of reasons. It whitethorn occur because there are no equivalent weight words, to convey intimacy, to avoid macrocosm overheard or understood, to add emphasis and some other reasons. Such reasons were anticipated in the findings of Nguyen Ha Quyen (2011). In addition, Walid M Rihane (n.d) also provided five reasons for code-switching, which are solidarity, social status, topic, affection and persuasion.Secondly, there is a tendency of practicing code-switching in class more, especially amongst students since they are further to use English in classes their vocabulary and grammar, however, is sometimes not enough to express the ir feelings or ideas. This may cause some effects such as words and phrases are applied in the unseasonable way, some students might transcribe some words to the accents and dialects that they are familiar with and so on.Chapter 2 literary productions Review2.1. Previous studies 2.1.1 Code-switching in conversationCode-switching is one of the major issues in bilingual research. According to Milroy and Muysken (1995), the switches occur in different ways, sometimes the switching occurs between the turns of speakers in a conversation, sometimes between utterances within a exclusive turn and sometimes even with in a single utterance. Nguyen Ha Quyen (2011), also investigated code-switching in conversation of Vietnamese teenagers, she pointed out that to some people, Code-switching has become a habit and most time occurs subconsciously when speaking with people at the same age and that code-switching should be viewed from the perspective of providing a linguistic favor sooner than an obstruction to communication.2.1.2. Why do people code-switch?Code-switching often happens with bilinguals and there are many reasons for this. Walid M Rihane (n.d) argued that code-switching is make by five main factors, which are solidarity, social status, topic, affection and persuasion. Some research has also found that people code-switch to emphasize or clarify a particular point, to reinforce a request, to substitute a word or to express a concept that does not have a direct equivalent in other language. Specifically, Nguyen Ha Quyen (2011), provided some factors that influence code-switching, such as No equivalent words in Vietnamese.2.1.3 Code-switching in the classroomCurrently, there has been several research on this field. Ehsan Rezvani (2011), in the research Code-switching in Persian Elementary EFL Classrooms An Exploratory Investigation proved that code-switching is a readily available and frequently applied scheme for foreign language teachers in classroom inte raction and classroom management, although the teacher enjoyed high English proficiency levels, they did not maximize the target language (i.e. English) in their classroom interactions. In addition, Bulelwa Ndabeni (2002) argued in her research An investigation of Code Switching in different learning areas in a grade septenary class that code switching has an important role to play in the school classroom, but more longitudinal studies are needed on the implications of code-switching.She noted that we must also be careful of the other negative side of classroom code switching teachers should be aware of the importance of code switching in the classroom, but they should not use it as an avoidance strategy. In my research, therefore, I will present some general suggestions to make code switching more useful in English classes. Chapter 3 Methodology and procedures3.1 Research methodI propose a qualitative study using questionnaires, observation and in-depth interview methods. Specific ally, I would like to use questionnaires to collect the data. One of the major advantages of this method is that it provides possible anonymity and avoids superfluity on the part of the respondents. It can be easy to gather a large amount of cultivation to analyze. However, using questionnaires also brings some drawbacks. Therefore, I would also choose natural observation, which involves observing behavior as it takes place in the environment. In this case, the environment is inside the classroom of English classes. Observation is a useful strategy.For Saurab, It is the primary mode of acquiring knowledge about the environment. This method will help the police detective avoid the wide range of problems that is usually found if using questionnaires. For example, when having questionnaires delivered to the respondents, the researcher might not eer get accurate or complete answer, or respondents may answer in ways that accommodate to what is socially desirable. In addition, in-de pth interview is used as well. This is a powerful data collection method. The biggest advantage of this method is that there is time for the respondent to further develop and give reasons for his or her point of view- without being influenced by the opinion of other respondents.3.2 Description of cosmos and sampleThe participants of the study are teachers and students of The University of Danang- College of Language Studies- Department of English. Those participants, especially students, come from different cities and provinces. The gap of facilities needed to learn English, therefore, may exist amongst the students. Furthermore, the participants are required to use Vietnamese as their mother tongue, and English as their second language.The chosentype of sample is saucer-eyed random sample, i.e. each unit in the population has an equal chance of being selected. According to Natalie Andrew, granting immunity of human bias and classification error remains one of the biggest advanta ges simple random sampling offer and if done right, simple random sampling results in a sample highly representative of the population of interest.3.3 Data Collection nurture will be collected by observing randomly some English classes with Vietnamese teachers. These classes could be for first grade or even final year students, since even first year students study integrated English. The researcher will record the date or take some notes. Furthermore, as mentioned above, questionnaire will be used as one of the method to collect the information. The questionnaires will include both closed and open questions and they will be delivered to random classes in the college. In addition, some interviews are also conducted to find out the ways and the reasons for code-switching. The interviewer will ask some closed and open questions and then investigating for elaboration. In this way, data will be collected by taking notes.3.4 Instrument for data analysisThere will be some instrument need ed for data analysis. For interview, it is needed to have a computer and a recorder apart from notes. The computer is to type and edit questions and answers and to save the information after the interview. It is used to forge the questionnaires as well. It is also necessary to have a simple calculator to figure out the frequency of the practice of code-switching through its occurrences. In some cases, Microsoft Excel is used as a tool to help the researcher analyze faster and more accurately.3.5 Data analysis and expected findingsData collected will be dissected by logical and statistical techniques to correspond to the followings the frequency of using code-switching in English classes of both teachers and students, the purposes and the ways of practicing code-switching. The researcher will count the occurrence of code-switching in the data collected, then identify the frequency. Information from the interview and questionnaires will be analyzed mainly to get the reasons and manne rs of performing code-switching in classes. Finally, the researcher makes a report to present the findings.

Challenges of the Lgbt Population on College Campuses

Chall(a)enges of the LGBT Population on College Campuses A review of the lit Challenges of the LGBT community on College Campuses A Review of the Literature The need for institutions of higher education to stay applicable dictates that change is necessary. For most, it leave al unitary require a concerted effort to embrace variety. Racial and ethnic diversity have historically been the most widely addressed dimensions of diversity. However, as institutions continue to advance their efforts, they create a much than(prenominal) welcoming campus modality for all individuals and groups.A current focus of diversity efforts includes the lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT) population. This review will look at the issues and challenges of the LGBT population on college campuses mainly covering the need to ease the levels violence and anguish on campuses and the desire for inclusion and social justice, and suggesting strategies to address these issues. Due to the nature of the coming out process, thither are fundamental challenges to learning the experiences of the LGBT population.The labels lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender as sexual identity labels present particular problems A disciple snowythorn be able to articulate feelings of attraction to the selfsame(prenominal)-sex, though are reluctant to acquire the label of lesbian, gay and/or bisexual (Rankin 2003). The challenges that the LGBT population face are neither new nor move but the need to address them is certainly relevant (Thiel, 2010). In fact, it appears that for as much progress that has been make on some campuses, there has been no progress on others.The presence of violence and harassment, as substantially as the desire for inclusion and justice, indicates the need for attention and research as a chilly campus temper puke make for a distressing experience for LGBT students, faculty, and ply. As might be expected, LGBT students perceptions of the campus mood and their expe riences take issue from those of other members of the campus community (Rankin, 2003 Liang & Alimo, 2005). Some LGBT students feel that they are treated different because of their sexual predilection or gender identity.They have difficulty achieving their full academic potential and trouble fully participating in the campus community (Rankin, 2003 Brown, Clarke, Gortmaker, & Robinson-Keilig, 2004). In a study by Liang & Alimo (2005), students tractd that they had been discriminated against, visiblely assaulted and harassed in hearthstone halls, and marginalized in their classes. Physical and communicative anti-gay and lesbian harassment has been documented on all campuses where research on the LGBT population has been conducted, and these behaviors seem to be on the rise nationwide (National Lesbian and Gay parturiency Force, n. . ). This homonegativity affects LGBT individuals physical as substantially as psychological health (Liang & Alimo, 2005). The LGBT campus experience is at best benign and at worst hostile (Rankin, 2003). Among these challenges, Rankin (2003) states are mental health issues, discrimination, relationship issues, and harassment/abuse. Likewise, LGBT faculty, mental faculty, and administrators whitethorn suffer because of the same prejudices, limiting their ability to achieve their career goals and to mentor or support students.Because the LGBT population is an invisible minority, LGBT individuals may experience anxiety about who knows their sexual orientation or gender identity and who they can safely share that information with (Rankin, 2003). In addition, individuals who identify as LGBT are often at higher jeopardy for substance abuse and suicide because of these issues and the lack of a positive support system. LGBT individuals do not share the same protections as other minorities groups in the United States.While it is no longer legal to discriminate base on race, skin color, ethnicity, disability, age, sex, or veterans st atus, it is still legal to discriminate based on sexual orientation or gender identity. Relationships may also suffer. A LGBTs social intercommunicate may ebb and flow drastically as they come out to individuals they consider friends. LGBT individuals may dope off some friends and gain others as they come out. This could drastically change their social network.Similarly, LGBT individuals often face rejection from their families. This can manifest as a loss of financial assistance, being kicked-out of the home, or being completely dim off from all communication and ties to their families. Harassment and abuse can also be a problem. LGBT individuals may face harassment in many different forms. LGBT individuals may encounter increased negative attitudes, jokes, verbal taunting, or bullying because of their sexual orientation or gender identity (National Lesbian and Gay projection Force, n. d. ).In addition, LGBT individuals may be intimidated or blackmailed by others who threaten to out them if they do not do something. This population may also be targets of violence. They could be targeted because they may be seen as weaker or little seeming to either fight back or base the crime/incident (Thiel & Diehl, 2010 University of North Carolina chapel Hill, n. d. ). LGBT individuals are less likely to report these incidents because they do not want to disclose their sexual orientation or gender identity to authorities for fear of further repercussions from colleagues, friends, or family.Research shows that involvement in college liveliness positively affects the LGBT experience (Rankin 2003). In addition, there are singularitys that the campus climate affects students social and emotional development, as well as their academic performance (National Lesbian and Gay depute Force, n. d. ). It also appears that there is much more in the way of student support on college campuses than there is faculty support. It is no surprise then, that the student experiences are somewhat better while the faculty experiences a chillier climate (Brown et al. 2004). These findings suggest that an effective dodging for up(a) the campus climate for LGBT students of necessity to include system-wide efforts and involves promoting the acknowledgement, acceptance, and affirmation of all people. Campus diversity leadership and student personal matters professionals will likely to be the most receptive, while some faculty and administrators will be more supportive than others will be (Brown et al. , 2004).Other recommendations to improve the campus climate for LGBT students include recruiting and retaining LGBT faculty, staff, and students, demonstrating institutional commitment to LGBT issues and concerns, integrating LGBT issues and concerns into the curriculum, providing educational programming on LGBT issues, and creating safe spaces for dialogue and interaction (Rankin, 2003 Liang & Alimo, 2005 University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008).Incorporating sexual orientation and gender identity topics into student, parent, faculty, and staff orientation courses is important, as is informing parents of LGBT students about resources and service available on campus for their child (Angeli, 2009). Freshmen seminars and other first courses could be important venues for discussions of LGBT-related topics. Residence hall assistants (RAs) are also an important target group for training, as RAs are often a first esource for LGBT students dealing with coming out issues (Brown et al. , 2004). Other recommendations for improving student recruitment are as follows Improve accessibility to LGBT information on college web sites (create one if there is not), attend national LGBT recruitment fairs, and work with the LGBT Campus Center to create a recruiting pamphlet on LGBT life on campus. For campuses without an LGBT Campus Center, the school should work to create one.LGBT Centers exist to reduce violence and harassment, and aid in the effort to promote in clusion and social justice (University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008). To ensure fair and equal treatment in the classroom, the main priority for faculty is to involve the students in the process of teaching/learning. With the many races, cultures, and groups that make up classes, having a continually engaged classroom is a challenging proposition at best and no one wants to feel marginalized.Additionally, when discussing current events, include LGBT issues as one of the topics, and be very clear with your students that prejudiced and heterosexist comments and actions are not acceptable ( wage Haven University, 2000). Another initiative that could help support the LGBT student population while at the same time demonstrate institutional commitment to would to create safe spaces or safe zones where faculty/staff/students can choose to make their office or department a place for mentoring, peer counseling, dialogue, and interaction with LGBT students, faculty, and staff (Angeli, 2009).Fa culty/staff leaders should work closely with campus diversity leaders (and the LGBT Campus Organization, if there is one) to ensure the inclusion of LGBT faculty and staff in the campus various recruitment efforts and to provide programs and services important to LGBT faculty and staff retention. This would include working to achieve domestic partner benefits for LGBT and other mateless campus faculty and staff, and the creation and funding of an LGBT faculty/staff mentoring program (University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008).Such initiatives should be the combined efforts of administrative, faculty and staff representatives (University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008). Encouraging openly LGBT students, faculty, and staff to join and lead university committees and organizations without fear of repercussion is also a quality in the right direction (Angeli, 2009). Campus administrators should enforce local anti-discrimination laws and policies on campus, ban discrimination in instructional m aterials and textbooks, and encourage the use of materials that reflect gender diversity.Angeli (2009) reported that not all campuses have established such inclusive policies, and this leaves LGBT students without many options for repercussion when they experience discrimination. For example, hateful graffiti on campus should be removed quickly and those who did it punished appropriately. Sexual orientation and gender identity could be considered its own demographic and colleges should collect and report LGBT data in the same manner as gender, race, ethnicity, and disability data (Angeli, 2009).As more surveys and forms include questions on sexual orientation and gender identity, and, as campuses provide assurance that students privacy will be protected, it is likely that data that are more complete will become available. In other words, as the climate becomes less chilly, more students, faculty, and staff will feel more welcomed and, thus, more likely to share more about themselv es (Angeli, 2009). Positive attitudes of heterosexual peers can help to provide a campus climate that is welcoming and more supportive of the LGBT population, which may facilitate the development of a positive identity (Liang & Alimo, 2005).Heterosexuals have a colossal role in perpetuating this climate, as they have been the source for much of the homonegative behavior (Liang & Alimo, 2005). If the campus promotes itself an advocate for justice, it is not comely just to change a policy or to use buzzwords a new culture/ strain has to be created. Implementing such a campus-wide approach will necessitate support from top campus administrators (Rankin, 2003 Tierney, 1992).In addition, just because an anti-discrimination statement has been updated to include sexual orientation & gender identity, this does not mean inclusion, or even a concordant welcoming climate (University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008). Not seeing any progress in any of the areas discussed above is an indication th at the campus has not yet integrated LGBT issues into the universitys understanding of its responsibilities to create a diverse and inclusive climate (Lock Haven University, 2000 University of Wisconsin Madison, 2008).The right thing to do is to create a more welcoming campus climate for all individuals and groups by reducing violence and harassment, and advancing social justice and inclusion efforts. All groups deserve this contemplation because they matter. References Angeli, M. California Postsecondary Commission at its meeting on June 9, 2009. Access and equity for all students Meeting the needs of LGBT students. Retrieved online on March 24, 2010 from http//www. cpec. ca. gov /completereports/2009reports/09-14. pdf Brown, R. D. , Clarke, B. Gortmaker, V. , & Robinson-Keilig, R. (2004). Assessing the campus climate for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender (GLBT) students using a multiple perspectives approach. Journal of College Student Development, 45(1), 8-26. Liang, C. T. H. & Alimo, C. (2005). The impact of white heterosexual students interactions on attitudes toward lesbian, gay and bisexual people A longitudinal study. Journal of College Student Development, 46(3), 237-250. Lock Haven University Safe Zone. (n. d. ). Originally written by Troy Gilbert of StanfordUniversity, then modified by Martha Ann Spruill (Jan 14, 2000), then modified again for the LHU community. Retrieved online on March 24, 2010 from http//www. lhup. edu/safezone/support. html National Lesbian and Gay Task Force. (n. d. ). Retrieved March 23, 2010 from www. thetaskforce. org /issues/hate_crimes_main_page/overview. Rankin, S. R. (2003). Campus climate for gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender people A national perspective. New York The National Gay and Lesbian Task Force Policy Institute. www. ngltf. org Thiel, M. J. , & Diehl, S. (2010).Campus gay and lesbian issues in the new millennium. Retrieved on 3/20/2010 from http//www. gvsu. edu/ assort/index. cfm ? id=80B3F0D0-A5D C-ECEE-44313D44883F471B University of North Carolina Chapel Hill. (n. d. ). Issues/concerns for the LGBTQ Population. Retrieved March 23, 2010 from http//safezone. uncc. edu/allies /ally-manual/issues. University of Wisconsin Madison Faculty Document 2056. (2008). Report of the committee on gay, lesbian, bisexual and transgender issues. Retrieved onlineMarch 23, 2010 from http//acstaff. wisc. edu/FacDoc2056LGBT-AR07. pdf

Politics and Bioethics Essay

The traditional roles of the physician argon to stave off death and to comfort the dying. The mould and the injured assume that a set will be able to prolong their lives by curing them of their disease. The dying, on the other hand, believes that a get will allow them to die peacefully and with dignity by relieving them of their suffering. In the process, the physician is transformed into a c atomic number 18taker and protector of life. scarcely what if physicians are indispensable to use their wellness check skills to eliminate parties that are considered as threats to a society or a nation?Doctors who are involved in capital punishment and or the ache of prisoners often claim that they follow a distinct set of obligations (Beauchamp and Childress 316). They are expected to positioning the interests of a community or a nation above both their own and the detainees benefit. As a result, they absorb to treat prisoners differently from their other patients. Physician particip ation in the death penalty is not a historical novelty. The inventor of the guillotine was a kindly doctor who wanted to make executions more than humane (Gershman 23).In Herman Melvilles novella Billy Budd (1924), a physician ensured that the hanging of the main computer address was scientifically conducted (Melville 293). Before Gary Gilmore was put to death, a doctor pinned a white circle over his mettle as a target for the firing squad (Annas 69). The adoption of the lethal injection as a methodology of execute criminals further increased the involvement of physicians in capital punishment. Apart from supervising the execution, a doctor is likewise tasked with preparing the prisoner for execution, pronouncing death and determining which individuals should be excluded from the death penalty (Annas 69-70).In 2002, the united States Supreme Court included the diagnosis of mental retardation as a ground for prohibiting execution. The physician, meanwhile, selects the detainees that would be spared from execution by subjecting them to a medical test that would establish their (ability) to under stalling (capital punishment) and why is it being impose (Annas 70). Advocates of physician involvement in the death penalty often argue that the goals of medicine can be reconciled with those of capital punishment.The primary purpose of the death penalty is to deter crime by executing those who take aim been proven guilty of heinous wrongdoings. The main purpose of medicine, on the other hand, is to alleviate suffering. In the context of medical participation in capital punishment, these goals are both met society is rid of a criminal in a civilized and painless manner. In some cases, criminals that have been proven to be mentally ill are freed. But facts prove otherwise. Forensic psychology is an entirely different sketch from clinical psychology.The latter is obligated by the Hippocratic tradition to give primacy to the needs of the patient (British aescula pian Association 105). The former, in sharp contrast, is bound to the objective truth regardless of what a forensic psychologist may find on the prisoner whom he or she is studying. This difficult intersection between medicine and the virtue would definitely affect the processes of establishing guilt or innocence and resolving disputes (British Medical Association 106). The medical work is also tainted with a long history of physician involvement in the torture of prisoners.The Nuremberg trials revealed blow out of the water atrocities committed by Nazi doctors and biomedical scientists during the Holocaust. Under their direct supervision, countless psychiatric patients and senile immemorial persons were killed. Furthermore, they subjected unconsenting concentration camp inmates to cruel and sometimes lethal experiments (Caplan 78). It was first revealed in 2002 that doctors and other personnel were force-feeding and use truth serum on detainees in Guantanamo Bay, Cuba.In 200 3, medical personnel at Abu Ghraib treated torture victims and recorded the evidence, yet failed to report these incidents. The International Committee of the Red Cross then reported in 2004 that the usage physical and psychological torture on prisoners were rampant in Guantanamo. Furthermore, a group of psychologists, cognize as the Behavioral Science Consultation Team (BSCT or Biscuit), advised the interrogators (Rejali 401). Why would doctors citizenry who are supposed to protect life participate in torture?It must be renowned that the Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib doctors were working in prisons that held individuals that were believed to be terrorists. Thus, these physicians were expected to actively participate in the War on flagellum by keeping tortured prisoners alive until American soldiers manage to extract valuable intelligence breeding from them. Simply put, the duty of the Guantanamo and Abu Ghraib doctors to the detainees under their care was to treat them not out of adherence to the Hippocratic malediction but that of the desire to help defeat the enemies of the US.But it is never acceptable for military physicians to participate in torture. Article 1 of the Regulations in Time of Armed Conflict (likewise known as the Havana Declaration) maintains that on that point is no difference between medical ethics in times of armed conflict and medical ethics in times of peace. Article 2, meanwhile, makes clear that the primary task of the physician is to preserve health and continue life, therefore prohibiting him or her from a.Giving advice or performing prophylactic, diagnostic or therapeutic procedures that are not justifiable in the patients interests b. Weakening the physical or mental distinctiveness of a human being without therapeutic justification and c. Employing scientific knowledge which would imperil health or destroy life (Singer and Viens 354). Because the primary task of doctors is to preserve health and save life, they are moral ly required to report incidents of torture or mistreatment of prisoners. According to Principle 5 of the Committee for the Prevention of Torture (CPT)Doctors have a duty to monitor and speak out when services in which they are involved are unethical, abusive and inadequate or pose a potential threat to patients health. In such cases, they have an ethical duty to take prompt action as reverse to take an immediate stand makes protest at a later stage more difficult. They should report the matter to appropriate government activity or international agencies who can investigate but without exposing patients, their families or themselves to foreseeable serious risk of harm. (354) reporting cases of torture and ill-treatment is part of the physicians sworn duty to preserve health and save life. If he or she suspects or witness the abuse of detainees, he or she should immediately report his or her findings to the judiciary and any other investigative body (Action for Torture Survivors, CP T, Amnesty International, etc. ). A failure to do so is usually synonymous to omission, an offense which is actionable in criminal and civil law. But the doctor is not obliged to immediately report cases of torture if doing so would imperil his or her life.In this case, it is necessary for him or her to wait until the threat to his or her security has passed and or there are already relevant third parties to whom she could disclose his or her findings (Singer and Viens 354). The end of medicine is not limited to the treatment of the sick and the injured. It should likewise concern itself with the health of the mind, spirit and the community as a whole. There are certain(prenominal) societal conditions that result in the physical, mental and spiritual degradation of a given populace.The torture of prisoners is a good example of these societal problems victims of torture are not only physically injured but are also stripped of their dignity as human beings. Being a doctor, therefore , means not only preserving health and saving life but likewise going against a status quo that would obturate him or her from fulfilling these duties. Human health, after all, is more than just the absence of disease. It also means living in a society that is conducive to physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing.But how can people attain this objective if they live in a community that is hostile to it? Works Cited Annas, George J. American Bioethics Crossing Human Rights and wellness Law Boundaries. unseasoned York, New York Oxford University Press US, 2005. Beauchamp, Tom L. , and James F. Childress. Principles of Biomedical Ethics. 5th ed. New York, New York Oxford University Press US, 2001. British Medical Association. Medicine Betrayed The Participation of Doctors in Human Rights Abuses. 2nd ed. London zee Books, Ltd. , 1992. Caplan, Arthur L.When Medicine Went Mad Bioethics and the Holocaust. New York, New York Oxford University Press US, 1992. Gershman, Gary P. Deat h Penalty on Trial A Handbook with Cases, Laws, and Documents. Santa Barbara, California ABC-CLIO, 2005. Melville, Herman. Billy Budd and Other Stories. Ware, Hertfordshire Wordsworth Editions Limited, 1998. Rejali, Darius M. Torture and Democracy. Princeton, New Jersey Princeton University Press, 2007. Singer, Peter A. , and Adrian M. Viens. The Cambridge Textbook of Bioethics. Cambridge Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Dumbest Generation

Mark Bauerlein seems to deal that is the dullest generation because research has shown that knowledge skills and intellectual habits have gone down, and although some tribe agree with him, early(a)s come out intot. I believe this generation isnt the dumbest because there ar other things that need to be considered when life history someone, a meeting of pack, or even an entire generation stupid or dumb, rather than honorable knowledge skills and intellectual habits. Knowledge isnt all closely what people know or how puff up they are in school. IQ tests test the intelligence of the person however they test the pure cerebration capacity rather than what people know.This means that intelligence dos from the entire cognitive thought ability and non what they know. IQ tests have also been rising since the 1930s (Source B). Furthermore, middling because this doesnt know things that people knew two generations before us did, doesnt feign us dumb. This generation is tryin g nearly things that people didnt even know rough two or even one generation ago. Also, closely students in college dont think that what was important back then is relevant today, so they dont see the point in remembering or learning about it. That isnt stupidity, thats just now choice in the information that they wish to hold.Plus, some people are more intelligent about certain things about other people, but that doesnt make them dumb or stupid about that subject. They just dont understand it as much as other people. If you look at other subjects for that person, Im sure youll find their strong spot, and what theyre good at. It all depends on what their brain can understand and comprehend. Moreover, students and even adults are coming together. They create groups and social activities that allow people with similar interests and intelligence to get together and help and teach what they know about that particular subject.They come to these people for their knowledge to improve t heir craft, gain reputation, and expanding their intelligence and interest in their craft (Source C). Although most people may disagree, the new media and social advances help with this. It allows students to reach people around the globe and get other information so they get direct information. According to Mizuko (Source C), Youth respect one anothers authority online and are more often motivated to learn from peers than adults. So by this meaning, the social media allows students to learn in a more advanced way to where they dont feel like they are being condescending.This also allows the students to learn more of on their own and exploring, rather than knowing the goals and going by a direct lesson plan. Given the fact that most students use Google instead of a library talent make people think that we are being derived of learning how to do research on our own. Although most people are right, Google does have benefits. If someone just needs a quick way to get information, Goo gle is good place to get started. Most people know to make sure things are threefold in places rather than just in one place though, so they know what to do about how to research.Additionally, having social media and the internet, texting, email etc. , also creates more chances of writing. Most parents and teachers think that this is cavictimization a twilight in school and literacy capabilities but in reality its actually helping. According to Thompson (Source G), she believes we are in the pump of a literacy revolution. This generation writes more than any other generation before. Most peoples writing happens outside the classroom. It may not be very advanced writing, but it is writing. It works the writing and literacy capabilities because it is still writing. They have to read, comprehend, understand, and respond.All of which includes using the abilities that they already had. Also, almost thirty-eight percent of writing happens outside of the classroom. Everything that people write, including texting and email etc. , tot up up and help with their brain which expands their learning and thinking capacity. Along with social media, there are image games. The people who play video games suppose that they help with hand-eye coordination, and those who dont say that the video games make the brains weak. But in all actuality, video games help expand the thinking capacity and help the thinking and learning capabilities.They figure out how to get through things in the game and dont just cheat by using a manual. They have to think about what could happen next or look at how things happen so they know how to act, react, and do (Source F). Furthermore, every generation has their dumb spy. That doesnt make each generation the dumbest generation though. One person cant say that this is the dumbest generation when every generation is dumb at some point or with some group of people. In 1962, according to Simpson, (Source E), he did a documentary about a group of peo ple who didnt even know what most people did know at their age.They barely knew anything at all and they werent able to spend all day texting or playing video games. Each generation has their problems, so one cannot pinpoint what generation is the dumbest generation. So, although some people believe different, I believe this generation is not the dumbest generation because knowledge is not all about the amount of information a person holds. Its about the thinking capacity and other things can interrupt that thinking process, and also, each generation has their dumb faults. This generation may be more evident, but it is not the dumbest generation.

Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Ethics - baptistry Study ExampleThe issues ethics for these accountants suits maintaining accurate details of comp both resources, liabilities and also profits without succumbing to the demands placed on them by managing department or officers in a corporate, disreputable accountant may possibly and easily distort a companys financial report and change numbers to paint bogus witness of the companys successes. This may result to short term prosperity, but altered reports ultimately give the downfall of any companies whenever the Exchange Commission and Securities discovers the fraud.The effect of greed in the finance world and any business leads to shaving ethical limitations and stepping in safeguards in the name of generating money. An account might never concede the desire to make a better living and obtain more wealth get in the way by ensuring that he/she follows ethical procedures or guidelines for financial reporting (Moore 23).An executive or new(prenominal) corporate of ficer may request an accountant to skip or leave out certain(a) monetary figures from a balance sheet so that they may paint the business in an rottenly light to despite the industry investors and public.Bill should report this to the client and instruct the client to refuse the presented pass papers presented to him for they do not give a true and fair view of the discrepancy that summit had come across (Moore 33).In accordance with AICPA the performance of any expert service, a member shall instigate integrity and objectivity, shall always be liberated from conflict of interest, and shall not intentionally misrepresent information or share his or her judgment to anyone.Any member shall always be thought to have intentionally misrepresented particulars in infringement rule 102 of the code of conduct of AICPA, when he/she consciously permit, make or directs another member to make, substantially untrue and misleading

Should Use of Cell Phones while Driving Be Banned Essay

Should lend oneself of Cell Phones while Driving Be Banned - Essay Exampleinattention blindness wherein motorists fashion directly at the road condition but dont really see them beca social occasion they be distracted by the conversation. Reactions of teenagers and young adults who talk on prison cellular phone squalls while driving are compared to check elderly driver. For instance, the report carried by Hanes Stephanie, said Brandie Eadie, 16, (photo at left) looked down on her cell phone to commemorate a text message as she drives through a rubber cone course in Seattle. Eadie knocked down multiple cones meant to simulate pedestrians. Same source reported killing of a 12 year old boy in an automobile accident because driver was texting. There should be a effectuality banning cell phone use while driving. Senseless deaths and damages to properties due to cell phone use while driving should be stopped. While there are already 19 States in the U.S. that banned this pract ice, there is no uniform fairness that puts an end to it. There ought to be a law banning cell phone use while driving because there is sufficient register that drivers who use hand-held or hand- free cell phones are as dangerous as a sottish driver. The three year study of University of Utah, headed by Professor David Strayer, found out, that people are as impaired when they drive and talk on the cell phone as when they drive intoxicated at the legal blood limit. Clearly, a person puts the lives of his passengers and his own to a great risk when the driver uses a cell phone and drive, and impairment is just the same. Whether it is hand held or hand-free cell phones, mum the University of Utah holds the thought process that it still causes accidents because driver tends to slow down while conversing, or 19 percent... Senseless deaths and damages to properties due to cell phone use while driving should be stopped. While there are already 19 States in the U.S. that banned this p ractice, there is no uniform law that puts an end to it. There ought to be a law banning cell phone use while driving because there is sufficient evidence that drivers who use hand-held or hand- free cell phones are as dangerous as a drunken driver. The three year study of University of Utah, headed by Professor David Strayer, found out, that people are as impaired when they drive and talk on the cell phone as when they drive intoxicated at the legal blood limit. Clearly, a person puts the lives of his passengers and his own to a great risk when the driver uses a cell phone and drive, and impairment is just the same. Whether it is hand held or hand-free cell phones, still the University of Utah holds the view that it still causes accidents because driver tends to slow down while conversing, or 19 percent slower, then resumes speed thus causing a crash. Their study showed rear-ended pace car accidents, where drivers were all talking on the phone. Drivers should be able to use cell p hones while driving, provided the phones are not handled.While we have colonised that use of cell phones while driving should be banned, there are circumstances that use of cell phones in the car is a necessity. It is needed for effective communication of households, businesses and community and use of cell phones in the car becomes as important.